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Kisspeptin-10 is the C-terminal decapeptide fragment of kisspeptin-54, the product of the KISS1 gene. It retains full biological activity at the KISS1 receptor (also called GPR54), and it sits at the very top of the reproductive endocrine hierarchy.

Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus are the principal upstream regulator of GnRH pulse generation. Loss-of-function mutations in KISS1R cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and failure to enter puberty, which is how the pathway's importance was first established. Administering kisspeptin stimulates GnRH release, and downstream of that, LH and FSH secretion from the pituitary.

Because it acts at the top of the HPG axis rather than substituting for a hormone lower down, kisspeptin has drawn academic clinical research interest, including published work from Imperial College London on reproductive function and on brain responses related to sexual and emotional processing. That research is investigational; kisspeptin is not an approved drug in any jurisdiction.

Supplied in a 3 mL pre-filled pen at 10 mg/mL (30 mg total peptide).